Introduction

Here are the results of a theoritical study using Richard Zakin’s programme, Describ9. This programme allows to obtain a statement of the aspect of a glaze base already in use or of one you want to develop.
I have used this programme since 1995 to develop many glaze bases with success.

Voici les résultats d’une étude théorique réalisée utilisant le programme developpé par Richard Zakin, Describ9. Ce programme vous permet d’obtenir un jugement sur l’aspect d’une glaçure déjà en service ou d’une que vous voulez développer.
J’ai utilisé ce programme depuis 1995 pour développer plusieurs bases de glaçures avec succès.

Jen faraĵoj de abstrakta esploro efektivigita usante la programo kreita per Richard Zakin, Describ9. Tio programo vin ebligas akiri juĝon pri glazuraspekto jam en servado aŭ kion vi volas kreskigi.
Mi usis tion programon ekde 1995 por kreskigi pluraj glazurbazojn kun sukseso.

Ash Berhens :
Richard Berhens, a famous glaze chemist, proposed a mixture of raw materials to substitute for wood ash. Richard Berhens, un célèbre chimiste céramique, a proposé un mélange de matériaux de base pouvant être un substitut de la cendre de bois.
Richard Berhens, fama glazurĥemiisto, proponis miksaĵon de krudaj materialoj por anstataŭigi por lignocindro.

This substitution has the following analysis.
Cette substitution a l'analyse suivante
Tio anstataŭo havas la sekvantan analizon :

Na2O 0.01 Al2O3 0.13 SiO2 0.47
K2O 0.04 P2O5 0.07
MgO 0.05 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.90 Fe2O3 0.02

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:3.72
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.44
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.13:0.56
Expansion: 107.2 x 10e-7 per degree C

Équivalence :
Américain = Français
1-Feldspath Potassique Custer = Feldspath ICE 10B (DAM)

Edouard Bastarache
Spertesperantisto

Sorel-Tracy
Quebec

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C/6 Satin Brillant ash glaze

Ash Berhens 45
Custer feldspar 20
Silica 20
EPK 15


Na2O 0.03 Al2O3 0.32 SiO2 1.98
K2O 0.09 P2O5 0.06
MgO 0.05 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.83 Fe2O3 0.02

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.17
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:6.44
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.32:2.07

Expansion: 79.4 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Semi-opaque ash glaze

Custer feldspar 26
Nepheline syenite 25
Ash Berhens 25
Ball clay 13
Whiting 6
Talc 4
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.14 Al2O3 0.39 SiO2 1.95
K2O 0.12 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.10 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.64 Fe2O3 0.01
MnO 0.00

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:4.94
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.09
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.39:2.01

Expansion: 88.0 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Clear ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 28
Ash Berhens 27
Silica 27
Ball clay 9
Frit 3134 9
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.19 Al2O3 0.34 SiO2 2.82
K2O 0.07 B2O3 0.08 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.04 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.71 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:8.28
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:6.83
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.42:2.89

Expansion: 77.7 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion:

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Ash Berhens 42
Custer feldspar 21
EPK 21
Frit 3134 8
Frit 3110 8
Total 100

Na2O 0.10 Al2O3 0.34 SiO2 1.50
K2O 0.08 B2O3 0.06 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.04 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.78 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:4.48
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:3.99
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.40:1.58

Expansion: 89.6 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6Quintessence ash glaze

Custer feldspar 50
Ash Berhens 20
Frit 3134 10
Gerstley borate 10
Ball clay 10
Total 100
Bentonite 1

Na2O 0.13 Al2O3 0.37 SiO2 2.29
K2O 0.17 B2O3 0.20 P2O5 0.03
MgO 0.05 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.65 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.24
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.13
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.57:2.34

Expansion: 85.6 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Custer feldspar 50
Ash Berhens 25
Frit 3134 10
Gerstley borate 10
Ball clay 5
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.12 Al2O3 0.31 SiO2 2.00
K2O 0.15 B2O3 0.18 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.05 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.67 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.40
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.19
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.49:2.06

Expansion: 88.0 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Custer feldspar 44.5
Ash Berhens 33.5
Gerstley borate 11
Ball clay 11
Total 100
Bentonite 1

Na2O 0.08 Al2O3 0.33 SiO2 1.78
K2O 0.14 B2O3 0.10 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.06 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.72 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.37
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.25
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.44:1.85

Expansion: 87.8 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 30
Ash Berhens 30
Frit 3134 20
Ball clay 10
Silica 10.
Total 100
Bentomite 2

Na2O 0.20 Al2O3 0.30 SiO2 1.92
K2O 0.06 B2O3 0.15 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.04 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.71 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.46
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.46
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.44:1.98

Expansion: 87.5 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 27
Ash Berhens 27
Gerstley borate 18.5
Ball clay 9
Silica 18.5
Total 2
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.15 Al2O3 0.30 SiO2 2.00
K2O 0.06 B2O3 0.19 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.07 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.71 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.76
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.28
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.48:2.06

Expansion: 81.9 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 25
Ash Berhens 25
Gerstley borate 20
Ball clay 20
Silica 10
Total 100

Na2O 0.15 Al2O3 0.35 SiO2 1.86
K2O 0.06 B2O3 0.21 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.08 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.71 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.25
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:3.42
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.56:1.93

Expansion: 82.6 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 45
Ash Berhens 35
Gerstley borate 10
Silica 10
Total 3
Bentonite 3

Na2O 0.19 Al2O3 0.31 SiO2 1.69
K2O 0.07 B2O3 0.09 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.06 TiO2 0.00
CaO 0.68 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.43
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.40
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.40:1.76

Expansion: 91.7 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 44.5
Ash Berhens 33.5
Gerstley borate 11
Silica 11
Total 100
Bentonite 3

Na2O 0.19 Al2O3 0.31 SiO2 1.74
K2O 0.07 B2O3 0.10 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.06 TiO2 0.00
CaO 0.68 Fe2O3 0.01

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.57
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:4.40
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.41:1.80

Expansion: 90.9 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Quintesence ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 53
Dolomite 13
Ash Berhens 11
Gerstley borate 10
Zinc oxide 3
EPK 5
Silica 5
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.22 Al2O3 0.34 SiO2 1.61
K2O 0.07 B2O3 0.09 P2O5 0.02
MgO 0.19 TiO2 0.00
CaO 0.45 Fe2O3 0.01
ZnO 0.08

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:4.67
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:3.75
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.40:1.63

3

Expansion: 89.8 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Satin-mat ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 52
Dolomite 12
Ash Berhens 10
Zinc oxide 3
EPK 14
Gerstley borate 9
Total 100
Bentonite 1

Na2O 0.23 Al2O3 0.43 SiO2 1.62
K2O 0.07 B2O3 0.09 P2O5 0.02
MgO 0.18 TiO2 0.00
CaO 0.43 Fe2O3 0.01
ZnO 0.09

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:3.75
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:3.17
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.52:1.65

Expansion: 89.5 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: B2O3

C/6 Satin/Shiny ash glaze

Custer feldspar 14
Silica 28
Zinc oxide 11.5
Ash Berhens 19
Ball clay 7.5
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.03 Al2O3 0.20 SiO2 2.34
K2O 0.07 P2O5 0.03
MgO 0.03 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.46 Fe2O3 0.01
ZnO 0.41

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:11.53
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:11.80
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.20:2.39

Expansion: 70.1 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Satin ash glaze

Custer feldspar 13.5
Ash Berhens 16
Barium carbonate 32
EPK 21.5
Silica 17
Total 100

Na2O 0.02 Al2O3 0.36 SiO2 2.03
K2O 0.06 P2O5 0.03
MgO 0.02 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.40 Fe2O3 0.01
BaO 0.49

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.56
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.69
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.36:2.07

Expansion: 84.0 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Clear ash glaze

Custer feldspar 36
Lithium carbonate 5
EPK 16
Ash Berhens 22
Silica 21

Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.06 Al2O3 0.45 SiO2 3.03
K2O 0.14 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.04 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.55 Fe2O3 0.01
Li2O 0.20

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.71
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:6.85
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.45:3.09

Expansion: 72.0 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: Li2O

C/6 Satin ash glaze

Custer feldspar 39
Ash Berhens 15
Zinc oxide 13
EPK 5
Silica 28
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.06 Al2O3 0.29 SiO2 2.86
K2O 0.13 P2O5 0.03
MgO 0.02 TiO2 0.00
CaO 0.35 Fe2O3 0.01
ZnO 0.44

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:9.82
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:9.95
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.29:2.90

Expansion: 72.2 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Clear ash glaze

Custer feldspar 48
Ash Berhens 20.5
Silica 19
EPK 8
Zinc oxide 2.5
Dolomite 2
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.08 Al2O3 0.43 SiO2 3.24
K2O 0.19 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.07 TiO2 0.00
CaO 0.57 Fe2O3 0.01
ZnO 0.10

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:7.50
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:7.64
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.43:3.30

Expansion: 75.7 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Satin ash glaze

Custer feldspar 26
Lithium carbonate 5
Ash Berhens 33
Silica 11
EPK 12
Kaolin (Calc.) 10
Dolomite 2
Total 99

Na2O 0.04 Al2O3 0.38 SiO2 1.83
K2O 0.09 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.06 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.65 Fe2O3 0.01
Li2O 0.16

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:4.84
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.03
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.38:1.90

Expansion: 78.5 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: Li2O

C/6 Clear ash glaze

Custer feldspar 18
Ash Berhens 38
Silica 33
EPK 9
Dolomite 2
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.03 Al2O3 0.28 SiO2 2.52
K2O 0.08 P2O5 0.06
MgO 0.07 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.81 Fe2O3 0.02

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:9.09
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:9.39
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.28:2.60

Expansion: 73.2 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Clear ash glaze

Custer feldspar 35
Ash Berhens 32
EPK 13
Silica 20
Total 100

Na2O 0.06 Al2O3 0.42 SiO2 2.81
K2O 0.14 P2O5 0.06
MgO 0.05 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.75 Fe2O3 0.02

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.72
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:6.92
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.42:2.89

Expansion: 76.6 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Custer feldspar 5
Lithium carbonate 1
Ash Berhens 19
Zinc oxide 19
EPK 16
Kaolin (Calc.) 14
Silica 24
Total 99

Na2O 0.01 Al2O3 0.34 SiO2 1.80
K2O 0.03 P2O5 0.03
MgO 0.02 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.36 Fe2O3 0.01 Li2O 0.03
ZnO 0.54

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.36
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.49
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.34:1.85

Expansion: 68.4 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: Li2O

C/6 Shiny ash glaze

Nepheline syenite 26
Lithium carbonate 5
Ash Berhens 21
EPK 20
Silica 2
Total 100

Na2O 0.15 Al2O3 0.49 SiO2 3.03
K2O 0.07 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.03 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.54 Fe2O3 0.01
Li2O 0.21

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:6.14
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:6.26
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.49:3.10

Expansion: 70.9 x 10e-7 per degree C
Oxides causing abnormal expansion: Li2O

C/6 Quintessence ash glaze

Custer feldspar 38
Ash Berhens 40
Ball clay 18
Talc 2
Dolomite 2
Total #100
Bentonite 1

Na2O 0.05 Al2O3 0.34 SiO2 1.71
K2O 0.12 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.10 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.73 Fe2O3 0.02
MnO 0.00

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:5.02
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.25
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.34:1.79

Expansion: 86.0 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Semi-opaque ash glaze

Custer feldspar 20
Nepheline syenite 20
Ash Berhens 40
Ball clay 10
Talc 5
Dolomite 5
Total 100
Bentonite 1

Na2O 0.09 Al2O3 0.28 SiO2 1.38
K2O 0.09 P2O5 0.05
MgO 0.16 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.67 Fe2O3 0.01
MnO 0.00

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:4.86
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.09
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.28:1.45

Expansion: 90.1 x 10e-7 per degree C

C/6 Semi-opaque ash glaze

Custer feldspar 26
Nepheline syenite 25.5
Ash Berhens 25.5
Ball clay 13
Dolomite 6
Talc 4
Total 100
Bentonite 2

Na2O 0.14 Al2O3 0.39 SiO2 1.92
K2O 0.12 P2O5 0.04
MgO 0.17 TiO2 0.01
CaO 0.57 Fe2O3 0.01
MnO 0.00

Alumina:Silica ratio is 1.00:4.94
Neutral:Acid ratio is 1.00:5.08
Alk:Neut:Acid ratio is 1.00:0.39:1.98

Expansion: 86.4 x 10e-7 per degree C